Electronic Warfare (EW) is becoming a weapon and capability of choice given the current emphasis on affordability, re-use, and minimizing collateral damage –especially in urban environments. EW systems and capabilities have an increasing role in fire control ---whether it is enemy Electronic Attack (EA) against U.S. radars, Electro-Optical (EO) or Infrared (IR) systems; U.S. EO/IR Countermeasures; Electronic Protection (EP) of U.S. systems; U.S. EA systems targeting enemy radars and missiles (i.e., softkill weapons); or Electronic Warfare Support (ES) to improve situational awareness. Effective EW is becoming increasingly important in order successfully to defeat coordinated enemy raids. This topic will cover all aspects of EW considered in the context of fire control and electronic fires effects, including: